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I got two threads about this subject from other forum, I hope it helps:
1st:
The theory is that Nissan has a timing "range" for the Altima. IIRC, 15 BTDC +/- 3. Most cars are set at -1, probably on the assumption that not everyone who buys a $22k car is willing to fill the car with Premium all the time. Retarding it slightly gives them more range to retard the spark to compensate for crap fuel.
If you always run supreme, then you can get away with a little more advance. It will benefit people who can get higher octane fuel (those with 93 or 94) than those stuck with 91.
What you can expect from a mild timing advance is slightly more low-end torque, decreasing through the mid-range. Perhaps a few hp and lb.ft. The Miata guys have dynoed the improvement on their cars to be worth about 5% more torque below 3k. Admittedly, they don't have knock sensors, so they are giving up a bunch of timing to begin with (they are advancing from 10 BTDC to 14 with regular and 18 with supreme).
Seat of the pants, you should feel a small improvement in throttle response, but if you run bad gas, the computer will just have to be more aggressive in its retarding and you may actually lose power.
2nd
By "advance it to +3 degrees ", he means 3 more degrees before top dead center. The ignition timing on most engines as they are shipped from the factory is set somewhere between 10 and 17 degrees initial advance (that means BTDC). As I recall, initial timing on the V6 engine is set at 14 degrees.
What this all means is that a high voltage will be sent to the spark plug 14 degrees before the piston reaches the top of its compression stroke. This is a good thing because burning the fuel-air mix takes some time and starting it in advance helps to burn more of it. Also, the expanding flame front further compresses the remaining unburned mix before the exhaust valve can start to open.
By advancing the timing a little more than stock (say 2 to 3 degrees (I'd start with 2)), the burn can begin a little sooner. The result is an increase in horsepower and torque (felt in more throttle response) and a slight increase in fuel economy.
Whether or not there have been intake and exhaust mods wouldn't matter. You'd still benefit from advancing your timing.
Conclusion:
If you advance the timing, you will get better performance, when I did it, I felt the difference.
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